Application of charcoal in metallurgy
Metallurgy - industry for the production of metals from various raw materials, including process to change the chemical composition, properties and structure of metal alloys, and also manufacturing of products.
Metallurgy does not manage without silicon. Silicon- important chemical element on our planet. It is included in many iron and non-ferrous metal alloys composition. Increases durability, improves casting properties, gives resistance to corrosion. Because of its electrophysical characteristics silicon is widely used in industry. In metallurgy this element is known as an alloy modifier for durability improvement, as deoxidizer in cast iron production, and as a component in bronze and steel smelting.
Metal becomes less brittle and more malleable when forged thanks to smelting on biofuel. Usage of silicon carbide in metallurgy (non-organic chemical compound of silicon with carbon) is justified with such qualities as infusibility, chemical resistance, semiconductor properties. Coal produced from wood.
Charcoal in metallurgy as a solid fuel is used for a long time. In South America, for example, full-cycle charcoal metallurgic companies exist, which grow forest, produce charcoal and then smelt cast iron. Coal is produced not only from various wood species, but also from wood waste (branches, shavings, wood chips).
Carbon reducing agent (for example, sawdust) for silicon production must have the following physical and chemical properties:
- high reactivity;
- low ash content;
- acceptable price;
- weak tendency to form an ordered graphite structure, which affects conditions for the reduction process in furnaces;
- high electrical resistivity to improve thermal energy;
- high gas permeability, contributing to the uniform release of gases;
- optimal grading;
- sufficient mechanical strength;
- constancy of chemical composition;
- low density;
- good heat resistance (resistance to abrasion and crushing in high temperature conditions in furnace);
Charcoal is replaced by other carbon materials (petroleum, peat coke or hard coal) only in cases of raw materials shortage, because coal meets all requirements for silicon production. It is suitable as fuel for metallurgy in places with large amount of renewable resources, and also woodworking waste.
Usage of mobile plants, which can be placed in remote places, stimulates charcoal consumption for metallurgy needs. Charcoal application is not only appropriate, but also helps reduce carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere.